Submissions from 2024
Determining Enantiomeric Excess Utilizing Ratiometric Measurements of a Deuterium Labeled Malonate By 1H NMR Spectroscopy, Thomas A. Owens, Anna Chataginer, Robert J. Wehrle, and Douglas S. Masterson
Kinetics of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction Over an Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode in an Alkaline Medium, Munira Siddika, Nazmul Hosen, Raed H. Althomali, Jehan Y. Al-Humaidi, Mohammed M. Rahman, and Mohammad A. Hasnat
Exploring Residue-Level Interactions Between the Biofilm-Driving R2ab Protein and Polystyrene Nanoparticles, Radha P. Somarathne, Sandeep K. Misra, Chathuri S. Kariyawasam, Jacques J. Kessl, Joshua S. Sharp, and Nicholas C. Fitzkee
Submissions from 2023
α-Synuclein Emulsifies TDP-43 Prion-Like Domain--RNA Liquid Droplets To Promote Heterotypic Amyloid Fibrils, Shailendra Dhakal, Malay Mondal, Azin Mirzazadeh, Siddhartha Banerjee, Ayanjeet Ghosh, and Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
Scalable Preparation of the Masked Acyl Cyanide TBS-MAC, Haley Hinton, Jack Patterson, Jared Hume, Krunal Patel, and Julie Pigza
Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Pyrroles By Lewis Acid Promoted Cyclization of N-Sulfonyl Vinylogous Carbamates and Amides, Gavin J. Rustin and Matthew G. Donahue
Post-Transcriptional Capping Generates Coenzyme A-Linked RNA, Krishna Sapotka, Jordyn K. Lucas, Jarrett W. Faulkner, Matt F. Lichte, Yan-Lin Guo, Donald H. Burke, and Faqing Huang
Submissions from 2022
Identification and Optimization of a Novel HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor, Daniel Adu-Ampratwum, Yuhan Pan, Pratibha C. Koneru, Janet Antwi, Ashley C. Hoyte, Jacques Kessl, Patrick R. Griffin, Mamuka Kvaratskhelia, James R. Fuchs, and Ross C. Larue
Granulins Modulate Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation or Aggregation of Prion-Like Domain of TDP-43 By Electrostatic Interactions and the Redox State of Cysteines, Anukool Bhokatpar, Shailendra Dhakal, and Vijay Rangachari
Charge and Redox States Modulate Granulin-TDP-43 Coacervation Toward Phase Separation or Aggregation, Anukool A. Bhopatkar, Shailendra Dhakal, Hannah G. Abernathy, Sarah E. Morgan, and Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
Effect of pH On Stability of Dimer Structure of the Main Protease of Coronavirus-2, Panisak Boonamnaj, R.B. Pandey, and Pornthep Sompornpisut
Synergistic Interactions Between α-Synuclein and Prion-Like C-Terminal Domain of TDP-43, Shailendra Dhakal and Vijay Rangachari
Multi-Substituted Quinolines as HIV-1 Integrase Allosteric Inhibitors, Long Phi Dinh, Jian Sun, Courtney D. Glenn, Krunal Patel, Julie A. Pigza, Matthew G. Donahue, Larry Yet, and Jacques Kessl
The Use of Wet Lab and Computational Docking Experiments To Elucidate Idiosyncrasies Associated With Amino Acid Activation, Kalii Faustino, Douglas Iverson, Payson Broome, Mylie Dela Rosa, Japheth Mobisa, Timothy Jordan, Dhathry Doppalapudi, Amran Mohamed, Kyra Samuel, Idiuso Okeke, Daniel Ghebreigziabher, Crystal Serrano, and Anthony J. Bell Jr.
The Effect of Outer-Sphere Anions On the Spectroscopic Response of Metal-Binding Chemosensors, Michael H. Ihde, Gabrielle Covey, Ashley D.G. Johnson, Frank R. Fronczek, Karl J. Wallace, and Marco Bonizzoni
Hydrogen Bubble-Assisted One-Step Electrodeposition of Cu, Ni, and P Toward Electrocatalytic Water, Piyush Kumar, Frances Dinmore, and Wujian Miao
Killing Two Birds With One Stone: Phosphorylation By a Tabun Mimic and Subsequent Capture of Cyanide Using a Single Fluorescent Chemodosimeter, Rashid Mia, Peter J. Cragg, Frank R. Fronczek, and Karl J. Wallace
Ganglioside-Enriched Phospholipid Vesicles Induce Cooperative Aβ Oligomerization and Membrane Disruption, Jhinuk Saha, Priyankar Bose, Shailendra Dhakal, Preetam Ghosh, and Viajayaraghavan Rangachari
Effects of Vesicular Membrane Composition On Amyloid-Beta Oligomerization, Jhinuk Saha, Priyankar Bose, Shailendra Dhakal, Preetam Ghosh, and Vijay Rangachari
Organic Electrochemical Transistor with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Gate for the Real-Time Selective Detection of Dopamine, Kan Tang, Chyanne Turner, Leah Case, Amin Mehrehjedy, Xuyang He, Wujian Miao, and Song Guo
Organic Electrochemical Transistor with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Modified Gate for the Real-Time Selective Detection of Dopamine, Kan Tang, Chyanne Turner, Leah Case, Amin Mehrehjedy, Xuyang He, Wujian Miao, and Song Guo
Submissions from 2021
Are Granulins Copper Sequestering Proteins?, Anukool A. Bhopatkar and Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
Structural Features of a Family of Coumarin-Enamine Fluorescent Chemodosimeters for Ion Pairs, Aaron B. Davis, Michael H. Ihde, Alie M. Busenlehner, Dana L. Davis, Rashid Mia, Jessica Panella, Frank R. Fronczek, Marco Bonizzoni, and Karl J. Wallace
αs Oligomers Generated from Interactions with a Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and a Dopamine Metabolite Differentially Interact with Aβ to Enhance Neurotoxicity, Shailendra Dhakal, Jhinuk Saha, Courtney E. Wyant, and Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
Perspectives On SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors, Kaifu Gao, Rui Wang, Jiahui Chen, Jetze J. Tepe, Faqing Huang, and Guo Wei Wei
Dicer Represses the Interferon Response and the Double-Stranded RNA-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway In Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells, Chandan Gurung, Mona Fendereski, Krishna Sapkota, Jason Guo, Faqing Huang, and Yan Lin Guo
Ergothioneine In a Peptide: Substitution of Histidine with 2-Thiohistidine In Bioactive Peptides, Kaelyn A. Jenny, Erik L. Ruggles, Matthew D. Liptak, Douglas S. Masterson, and Robert J. Hondal
Engineering Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers for High-Performance and Fast-Response Organic Electrochemical Transistors, Hanyu Jia, Zhen Huang, Peiyun Li, Song Zhang, Yunfei Wang, Jie Yu Wang, Xiaodan Gu, and Ting Lei
Sensitive and Selective Detection of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine With Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Coupled With Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence, Wujian Miao, Jesy Motchaalangaram, Arati Biswakarma, and Karl Wallace
Low Molecular Weight Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Organophosphates, Rashid Mia, Peter J. Cragg, and Karl J. Wallace
Adsorption Study of Lead Ions Onto Sulfur/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite, Mahsa Moshari, Amin Mehrehjedy, Mahdi Heidari-Golafzania, Mahboubeh Rabbani, and Saeed Farhadi
Biophysical Characteristics of Lipid-Induced Aβ Oligomers Correlate to Distinctive Phenotypes In Transgenic Mice, Jhinuk Saha, Dexter N. Dean, Shailendra Dhakal, Kelli A. Stockmal, Sarah E. Morgan, Kristy D. Dillon, Munir F. Adamo, Yona Levites, and Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
Optimized Binding of Substituted Quinoline ALLINIs Within the HIV-1 Integrase Oligomer, Jian Sun, Krunal Patel, Jared Hume, Julie A. Pigza, Matthew G. Donahue, and Jacques J. Kessl
Covellite Nanodisks and Digenite Nanorings: Colloidal Synthesis, Phase Transitions, and Optical Properties, Mengqi Sun, Nicholas Kreis, Kexun Chen, Xiaoqi Fu, Song Guo, and Hui Wang
Direct determination of absolute stereochemistry of α-methylselenocysteine using the Mosher method, Robert J. Wehrle, Douglas R. Powell, and Douglas S. Masterson
Submissions from 2020
Granulins Modulate Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation and Aggregation of Prion-Like C-Terminal Domain of the Neurodegeneration-Associated Protein TDP-43, Anukool A. Bhopatkar, Vladimir N. Uversky, and Vijay Rangachari
Self-Assembling PCL-PAMAM Linear Dendritic Block Copolymers (LDBCs) for Bioimaging and Phototherapeutic Applications, Indika Chandrasiri, Daniel G. Abebe, Mahesh Loku Yaddehige, Jon Steven Dal Williams, Mohammad Farid Zia, Austin Dorris, Abigail Barker, Briana L. Simms, Azaziah Parker, Bhavani Prasad Vinjamuri, Ngoc Le, Jacqueline N. Gayton, Mahavir Bhupal Chougule, Nathan I. Hammer, Alex Flynt, Jared H. Delcamp, and Davita L. Watkins
Cloning, Expression and Purification of the Low-Complexity Region of RanBP9 Protein, Shailendra Dhakal, Krishna Sapkota, Faqing Huang, and Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
Can Selenoenzymes Resist Electrophilic Modification? Evidence from Thioredoxin Reductase and a Mutant Containing α-Methylselenocysteine, Emma J. Emma, Robert J. Wehrle, Daniel J. Haupt, Neil B. Wood, Albert Van Der Vliet, Michael J. Previs, Douglas S. Masterson, and Robert J. Hondal
Simultaneous Evaporation and Decontamination of Water On a Novel Membrane Under Simulated Solar Light Irradiation, Zhao Gao, Hanpei Yang, Jingwei Li, Lina Wang, Junming Wu, and Song Guo
A Game-Theoretic Approach to Deciphering the Dynamics of Amyloid-Beta Aggregation Along Competing Pathways, Preetam Ghosh, Pratip Rana, Vijayaraghavan Rangachari, Jhinuk Saha, Edward Steen, and Ashwin Vaidya
Aggregation-Induced Electrochemiluminescence of the Dichlorobis(1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) (Ru(phen)2Cl2)/Tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) System in H2O–MeCN Mixtures for Identification of Nucleic Acids, Liping Lu, Linlin Zhang, Wujian Miao, Xiayan Wang, and Guangsheng Guo
Detection of Ferric Ions In a Gram-Positive Bacterial Cell: Staphylococcus aureus, Erendra Manandhar, Ashley D.G. Johnson, William M. Matson, Shelby D. Dickerson, Gyan S. Sahukhal, Mohamed O. Elasri, Frank R. Fronczek, Peter J. Cragg, and Karl J. Wallace
Chapter 3: Efficient ECL Luminophores, Wujian Miao and Liping Lu
Oil-Producing Metabolons Containing DGAT1 Use Separate Substrate Pools From Those Containing DGAT2 or PDAT, Anushobha Regmi, Jay Shockey, Hari Kiran Kotapati, and Philip D. Bates
Conformation, Flexibility and Hydration of Hyaluronic Acid By Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Panyakorn Taweechat, Ras B. Pandey, and Pornthep Sompornpisut
Submissions from 2019
Cysteine-Rich Granulin-3 Rapidly Promotes Aggregation of Amyloid-Beta in Both Redox States, Anukool A. Bhopatkar, Gaurav Ghag, Lauren M. Wolf, Dexter N. Dean, Melissa A. Moss, and Vijay Rangachari
Cysteine-Rich Granulin-3 Rapidly Promotoes Amyloid-β Fibrils in Both Redox States, Anukool A. Bhopatkar, Gaurav Ghag, Lauren M. Wolf, Dexter N. Dean, Melissa Moss, and Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
Evidence of Radical Intermediate Generated In the Electrochemical Oxidation of Iodide, Ashantha Fernando, Suman Parajuli, Krishna K. Barakoti, Wujian Miao, and Mario A. Alpuche-Aviles
A New Strategy for the In Vitro Selection of Stapled Peptide Inhibitors by mRNA Display, Emil S. Iqbal, Stacie L. Richardson, Nicolas A. Abrigo, Kara K. Dods, H. Estheban Osorio Franco, Heather S. Gerrish, Hari Kiran Kotapati, Iain M. Morgan, Douglas S. Masterson, and Matthew C.T. Hartman
Low Molecular Weight Fluorescent Probes (LMFPs) to Detect the Group 12 Metal Triad, Ashley D. Johnson, Rose M. Curtis, and Karl J. Wallace
Metabolically Distinct Pools of Phosphatidylcholine Are Involved In Trafficking of Fatty Acids Out of and Into the Chloroplast for Membrane Production, Nischal Karki, Brandon S. Johnson, and Philip D. Bates
Insight Into the Measurement of Dissolved 227Ac In Seawater Using Radium Delayed Coincidence Counter, Emilie Le Roy, Virginie Sanial, Francois Lacan, Pieter Van Beek, Marc Souhat, Matthew A. Charette, and Paul B. Henderson
Ultrasensitive Detection of miRNA Based On Efficient Immobilization of Probe and Electrochemiluminescent Quenching of Ru(bpy)32+, Liping Lu, Chang Liu, Wujian Miao, Xiayan Wang, and Guanghsheng Guo
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Biosensor with a Tripod Probe for the Highly Sensitive Detection of MicroRNA, Liping Lu, Jiaxing Wang, Wujian Miao, Xiayan Wang, and Guangsheng Guo
Oligomer Cross-Propagation between Wild Type and Mutant Amyloid-β Implicate Conformational Strains in AD Phenotypes, Morgan Malone, Dexter N. Dean, and Vijay Rangachari
Synergistic Effects of Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Oxidation Based On a Three-Dimensional Electrode Reactor Toward Degradation of Dyes in Wastewater, Gangwei Pan, Xiaohui Jing, Xinyu Ding, Yongjun Shen, Sijun Xu, and Wujian Miao
Amyloid-Beta Oligomerization in the Presence of Anionic Phospholipids, Jhinuk Saha, Dexter N. Dean, and Vijay Rangachari
A Computational Framework for Preferential Switching of Competing Aβ Aggregation Pathways Based on Game Theory Approach, Pratip Sana, Jhinuk Saha, Edward Steen, Ashwin Vaidya, Vijay Rangachari, and Preetam Ghosh
Selective Protection of Secondary Alcohols by Using Formic Acid as a Mild and Efficient Deprotection Reagent for Primary tert-Butyldimethylsilyl Ethers, Krishna Sapotka and Faqing Huang
Intracellular Structures of Prokaryotes: Inclusions, Compartments and Assemblages, J. M. Shively, G. C. Cannon, S. Heinhorst, J. A. Fuerst, D. A. Bryant, J. A. Maupin-Furlow, D. Schüler, F. Pfeifer, R. Docampo, C. Dahl, J. Preiss, A. Steinbüchel, and B. A. Federici
Specialized Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferases Contribute to Unusual Fatty Acid Accumulation in Exotic Euphorbiaceae Seed Oils, Jay Shockey, Ida Lager, Sten Stymne, Hari Kiran Kotapati, Jennifer Sheffield, Catherine Mason, and Philip D. Bates
Synthesis of Alpha-Methyl Selenocysteine and Its Utilization As a Glutathione Peroxidase Mimic, Robert J. Wehrle, Emma J. St. Marie, Robert J. Hondal, and Douglas S. Masterson
Large Fatty Acid-Derived Aβ42 Oligomers Form Ring-Like Assemblies, Wenhui Xu, Dexter N. Dean, Kelli A. Stockmal, Sarah E. Morgan, Ulrich H.E. Hansmann, and Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
Submissions from 2018
CHAPTER 1: Mechanochemistry: Inspiration from Biology, Tamuka Chidanguro, Wengui Weng, and Yoan C. Simon
Propagation of an Aβ Dodecamer Strain Involves a Three-Step Mechanism and a Key Intermediate, Dexter N. Dean, Pratip Rana, Ryan P. Campbell, Preetam Ghosh, and Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
Synthesis and Evaluation of Aryl Quinolines as HIV-1 Integrase Multimerization Inhibitors, Nicholas Jentsch, Alison P. Hart, Jared D. Hume, Jian Sun, Kaitlin A. McNeely, Chiyang Lama, Julie A. Pigza, Matthew G. Donahue, and Jacques Kessl
Quinolines from the Cyclocondensation of Isatoic Anhydride With Ethyl Acetoacetate: Preparation of Ethyl 4-Hydroxy-2-Methylquinoline-3-Carboxylate and Derivatives, Nicholas Jentsch, Jared D. Hume, Emily B. Crull, Samer M. Beauti, Amy H. Pham, Julie A. Pigza, Jacques Kessl, and Matthew G. Donahue
The Effect of Light Conditions On Interpreting Oil Composition Engineering in Arabidopsis Seeds, Nischal Karki and Philip D. Bates
A Normal Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Separation of Hydroxy and Non-Hydroxy Neutral Lipid Classes Compatible With Ultraviolet and In-Line Liquid Scintillation Detection of Radioisotopes, Hari Kiran Kotapati and Philip D. Bates
In Situ Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence Based On Co-Reactant Self-Generated For Sensitive Detection of MicroRNA, Liping Lu, Chang Liu, Tianfang Kang, Xiayan Wang, Guangsheng Guo, and Wujian Miao
31P Nuclear Spin Relaxation, Douglas C. McCain
Electric Field Induced Assembly of Macroscopic Fibers of Poly(3-Hexylthiophene), Frederick M. McFarland, Xianxiang Liu, Song Zhang, Kan Tang, Nicholas K. Kreis, Xiaodan Gu, and Song Guo
Cause and Consequence of Aβ: Lipid Interactions in Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis, Vijay Rangachari, Dexter N. Dean, Pratip Rana, Ashwin Vaidya, and Preetam Ghosh
Efficient One-Pot Enzymatic Synthesis of Dephospho Coenzyme A, Krishna Sapkota and Faqing Huang
Photoelectrochemical Studies on Earth Abundant Pentanickel Polyoxometalates as Co-Catalysts for Solar Water Oxidation, Arun Sridhar Siddarth and Wujian Miao
Aggregation of P3HT as a Preferred Pathway for its Chemical Doping by F4-TCNQ, Kan Tang, Frederick Marshall McFarland, Skye Travis, Jasmine Lim, Jason D. Azoulay, and Song Guo
Supramolecular Approach In Detecting Drugs of Abuse: Optical Sensors, Karl J. Wallace and J. Hugh Broome
HIV-1 Integrase-Targeted Short Peptides Derived from a Viral Protein R Sequence, Xue Zhi Zhao, Mathieu Métifiot, Evgeny Kiselev, Jacques Kessl, Kasthuraiah Maddali, Christophe Marchand, Mamuka Kvaratskhelia, Yves Pommier, and Terrence R. Burke Jr.
Submissions from 2017
Synthesis and Characterization of Eumelanin-Inspired Poly(indoylenearylenevinylene)s and Poly(indoylenearyleneethynylene)s, Santosh Adhikari, RaiAnna A. Hopson, Bhishma Sedai, Frederick M. McFarland, Song Guo, and Toby L. Nelson
Munc18a Clusters SNARE-Bearing Liposomes Prior to Trans-SNARE Zippering, Matthew G. Arnold, Pratikshya Adhikari, Baobin Kang, and Hao Xu
Aqueous RAFT Synthesis of Glycopolymers for Determination of Saccharide Structure and Concentration Effects on Amyloid β Aggregation, Pradipta K. Das, Dexter Dean, April Fogel, Fei Liu, Brooks Abel, Charles L. McCormick, Eugenia Kharlampieva, Vijayaraghavan Rangachari, and Sarah E. Morgan
An Intramolecular Para-Phenolic Allylation Free Radical Cyclization Strategy for the Synthesis of Alkaloids and Terpenes With Spiro[4.5]decane Architectures, Matthew G. Donahue, Nicholas G. Jentsch, and Erin C. Realini
An Intramolecular Para-phenolic Allylation Free Radical Cyclization Strategy for the Synthesis of Alkaloids and Terpenes with Spiro[4.5] Decane Architectures, Matthew G. Donahue, Nicholas G. Jentsch, and Erin C. Realini
Synthesis of [13C6]3,4-Diaminobenzoic Acid as a Precursor for Stable Isotope Labeled Benzimidazoles, Matthew G. Donahue, Nicholas G. Jentsch, and Casey R. Simons
Functional Photosystem I Maintains Proper Energy Balance During Nitrogen Depletion in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Promoting Triacylglycerol Accumulation, Mahmoud Gargouri, Philip D. Bates, Jeong-Jin Park, Helmut Kirchhoff, and David R. Gang
Disulfide Bonds and Disorder in Granulin-3: An Unusual Handshake Between Structural Stability and Plasticity, Gaurav Ghag, Christopher J. Holler, Georgia Taylor, Thomas Kukar, Vladimir Uversky, and Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
An Efficient Method for the Reductive Conversion of Acyclic Esters to Ethers Via a TMS-Protected Acetal, Alison Hart, Sarah A. Kelley, Tyler Harless, John A. Hood, and Julie A. Pigza
In Vivo Cloning of Up to 16 kb Plasmids in E. Coli is As Simple As PCR, Faqing Huang, Joseph Rankin Spengler, and Allen Yang Huang
Diastereoselective Hydrolysis of Branched Malonate Diesters by Porcine Liver Esterase: Synthesis of 5-Benzyl-Substituted Cα-Methyl-β-proline and Catalytic Evaluation, Hari Kiran Kotapati, Jamarii D. Robinson, Daniel R. Lawrence, Kimberly R. Fortner, Caleb W. Stanford, Douglas R. Powell, Rainer Wardenga, Uwe T. Bornscheur, and Douglas S. Masterson
Binding of Mono- and Dianions Within Silver Thiazolylurea Tweezers and Capsules, Novia T.X. Lee, Jamie Hicks, Karl J. Wallace, and David R. Turner
The Impact of Aggregation On the P-Doping Kinetics of Poly (3-Hexylthiophene), Frederick M. McFarland, Lindsey R. Bonnette, Elisha A. Acres, and Song Guo
The Aggregation of Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) Into Nanowires: With and Without Chemical Doping, Frederick M. McFarland, Clara M. Ellis, and Song Guo
Preferential Binding Effects On Protein Structure and Dynamics Revealed by Coarse-Grained Monte Carlo Simulation, Ras B. Pandey, D.L. Jacobs, and Barry L. Farmer
Fatty Acid Concentration and Phase Transitions Modulate Aβ Aggregation Pathways, Pratip Rana, Dexter Dean, Edward Steen, Ashwin Vaidya, Vijayaraghavan Rangachari, and Preetam Ghosh
Strain Specific Propagation of an Amyloid Beta Oligomer in Alzheimer Disease, Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
Functionalized Cobalt Triarylcorrole Covalently Bonded with Graphene Oxide: A Selective Catalyst of the Two-or Four-Electron Reduction of Oxygen, Jijun Tang, Zhongping Qu, Rui Guo, Yuanyuan Fang, Dong Huang, Jiaoxia Zhang, Song Guo, Frederick M. McFarland, and Karl M. Kadish
The Effect of External Forces On the Initial Dissociation of RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine): A Mechanochemical Study, Guido Todde, Sanjiv K. Jha, and Gopinath Subramanian
Chemodosimeters and Chemoreactands For Sensing Ferric Ions, Karl J. Wallace, Ashley D.G. Johnson, W. Scott Jones, and Erendra Manandhar
Phospholipase Dζ Enhances Diacylglycerol Flux Into Triacylglycerol, Wenyu Yang, Geliang Wang, Jia Li, Philip D. Bates, Xuemin Wang, and Doug K. Allen