Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2-1-2010
Department
Chemistry and Biochemistry
School
Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Abstract
In situ reactions of metal ions or their compounds are important mechanisms by which particles alter lung immune responses. The authors hypothesized that major determinants of the immunomodulatory effect of any metal include its redox behavior/properties, oxidation state, and/or solubility, and that the toxicities arising from differences in physicochemical parameters are manifest, in part, via differential shifts in lung iron (Fe) homeostasis. To test the hypotheses, immunomodulatory potentials for both pentavalent vanadium (V(V); as soluble metavanadate or insoluble vanadium pentoxide) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI); as soluble sodium chromate or insoluble calcium chromate) were quantified in rats after inhalation (5 h/day for 5 days) of each at 100 mu g metal/m(3). Differences in effects on local bacterial resistance between the two V(V), and between each Cr(VI), agents suggested that solubility might be a determinant of in situ immunotoxicity. For the soluble forms, V(V) had a greater impact on resistance than Cr(VI), indicating that redox behavior/properties was likely also a determinant. The soluble V(V) agent was the strongest immunomodulant. Regarding Fe homeostasis, both V(V) agents had dramatic effects on airway Fe levels. Both also impacted local immune/airway epithelial cell Fe levels in that there were significant increases in production of select cytokines/chemokines whose genes are subject to regulation by HIF-1 (whose intracellular longevity is related to cell Fe status). Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the role that metal compound properties play in respiratory disease pathogenesis and provide a rationale for differing pulmonary immunotoxicities of commonly encountered ambient metal pollutants.
Publication Title
Inhalation Toxicology
Volume
22
Issue
2
First Page
169
Last Page
178
Recommended Citation
Cohen, M. D.,
Sisco, M.,
Prophete, C.,
Yoshida, K.,
Chen, L.,
Zelikoff, J. T.,
Smee, J.,
Holder, A. A.,
Stormhuerner, J.,
Crans, D. C.,
Ghio, A. J.
(2010). Effects of Metal Compounds with Distinct Physicochemical Properties on Iron Homeostasis and Antibacterial Activity in the Lungs: Chromium and Vanadium. Inhalation Toxicology, 22(2), 169-178.
Available at: https://aquila.usm.edu/fac_pubs/8900
Comments
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Inhalation Toxicology on 1/2010, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.3109/08958370903161232.