Date of Award

8-2025

Degree Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

School

Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences

Committee Chair

Nicole Phillips

Committee Chair School

Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences

Committee Member 2

Alex Flynt

Committee Member 2 School

Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences

Committee Member 3

Jake Schaefer

Committee Member 3 School

Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences

Committee Member 4

Dmitri Mavrodi

Committee Member 4 School

Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences

Committee Member 5

Hao Xu

Committee Member 5 School

Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences

Abstract

RNA biology is a rapidly expanding field, with many avenues of discovery among marine organisms. In this study, we analyze both mollusks and sawfish. First, we perform an evaluation of sRNA biogenesis pathways throughout Mollusca, with emphasis on the easter oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Understanding these molecules prescribes RNAi-based gene silencing approaches, benefiting genetic investigation and biotechnology. Similar to other animal groups, mollusks have conserved microRNAs (miRNAs), with some shared with ecdysozoans and deuterostomes; however, there is no evidence of an endogenous small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway. These results suggest that long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-based RNAi is not appropriate for gene silencing in mollusks as well as other members of the broader Lophotrochozoan clade. The study also finds an abundance of piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in both soma and gonads. Differences are also found in piRNA biology. Many invertebrates exhibit somatic piRNAs; however, mollusk piRNAs appear to be restricted to a subset of cells, limiting the potential of piRNA-based RNAi. Further, individual animals also express a unique collection of piRNAs that seem to be only partially determined through inheritance from both parents. Furthermore, we also investigated the RNA biology of ovotestes prevalent in male smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata. We find that the ovotestis has significantly different gene expression from either normal ovary or testis tissue, with immunity, hormones, and sex determination potentially affected by this abnormal tissue. Collectively, our research provides insight into Mollusca’s sRNA biogenesis pathways and Elasmobranchii’s ovotestis formation, broadening our understanding of gene regulation in various marine genomes.

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