Current Understanding of West Nile Virus Clinical Manifestations, Immune Responses, Neuroinvasion, and Immunotherapeutic Implications

Authors

Fengwei Bai, University of Southern MississippiFollow
E. Ashley Thompson, University of Southern MississippiFollow
Parminder J.S. Vig, Unviersity of Mississippi Medical CenterFollow
A. Arturo Leis, Methodist Rehabilitation CenterFollow

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

10-16-2019

Department

Biological Sciences

School

Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences

Abstract

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common mosquito-borne virus in North America. WNV-associated neuroinvasive disease affects all ages, although elderly and immunocompromised individuals are particularly at risk. WNV neuroinvasive disease has killed over 2300 Americans since WNV entered into the United States in the New York City outbreak of 1999. Despite 20 years of intensive laboratory and clinical research, there are still no approved vaccines or antivirals available for human use. However, rapid progress has been made in both understanding the pathogenesis of WNV and treatment in clinical practices. This review summarizes our current understanding of WNV infection in terms of human clinical manifestations, host immune responses, neuroinvasion, and therapeutic interventions.

Comments

Published by 'Pathogens' at 10.3390/pathogens8040193.

Publication Title

Pathogens

Volume

8

Issue

4

First Page

1

Last Page

21

Recommended Citation

Bai, F., Thompson, E., Vig, P. J., Leis, A. (2019). Current Understanding of West Nile Virus Clinical Manifestations, Immune Responses, Neuroinvasion, and Immunotherapeutic Implications. Pathogens, 8(4), 1-21.
Available at: https://aquila.usm.edu/fac_pubs/16855