Molecular Variation and Population Structure in Critically Endangered Turks and Caicos Rock Iguanas: identifying intraspecific Conservation Units and Revising Subspecific Taxonomy

Authors

Mark E. Welch, Mississippi State UniversityFollow
Giuliano Colosimo, Mississippi State University
Stesha A. Pasachnik, San Diego Zoo
Catherine L. Malone, Utah Valley University
Jace Hilton, Utah Valley University
June Long, Mississippi State University
Angela H. Getz, University of Southern Mississippi
Allison C. Alberts, San Diego Zoo
Glenn P. Gerber, San Diego Zoo

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

4-2017

Department

Biological Sciences

School

Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences

Abstract

For species living in naturally fragmented habitats, the identification of conservation units is particularly challenging. Turks and Caicos Rock Iguanas, Cyclura carinata, are endemic to the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI). These Critically Endangered lizards inhabit less than 5% of their historic range. A complete study of the geographic distribution of genetic variation is now particularly important for this species due to the onset of translocation programs. To fill this knowledge gap, we genotyped 280 individuals from 30 sampling locations across the species range were genotyped at 29 microsatellite loci, and variation within the mitochondrial ND4 gene was assessed by sequencing, or the use of PCR-RFLPs. A protein profiling analysis of femoral pore secretions was also conducted on a subset of samples. Microsatellites suggest that a recent, common population ancestry, or a simple reduction in gene flow, cannot account for the significant differences detected between a western and an eastern lineage within the TCI (F_ct = 0.202, p ≪ 0.01). The same pattern was confirmed by mitochondrial DNA sequence, significantly distinguishing between the western and eastern haplotypes (Φ_ct = 0.96, p ≪ 0.01). Protein profiling provides further support, differentiating a western and eastern lineage. Implications of these results are that at least two evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) can be recognized across this taxon’s geographic range. Multiple management units, within each ESU, can also be defined. Future management planning for C. carinata should consider these evolutionarily independent lineages.

Publication Title

Conservation Genetics

Volume

18

Issue

2

First Page

479

Last Page

493

Recommended Citation

Welch, M. E., Colosimo, G., Pasachnik, S. A., Malone, C. L., Hilton, J., Long, J., Getz, A. H., Alberts, A. C., Gerber, G. P. (2017). Molecular Variation and Population Structure in Critically Endangered Turks and Caicos Rock Iguanas: identifying intraspecific Conservation Units and Revising Subspecific Taxonomy. Conservation Genetics, 18(2), 479-493.
Available at: https://aquila.usm.edu/fac_pubs/17719