Characteristics of the Intrinsic Modulus as Applied to Particulate Composites with Both Soft and Hard Particulates Utilizing the Generalized Viscosity/Modulus Equation

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

8-29-2000

Department

Polymers and High Performance Materials

Abstract

Recently, four significantly different particulate composite modulus derivations from the literature were found to yield the same theoretical "intrinsic modulus" for a particulate composite. In this article, this new intrinsic modulus was successfully combined with the generalized viscosity/modulus equation to yield a good fit of the shear modulus-particulate concentration data of both Smallwood and Nielsen using a variable intrinsic modulus. Some fillers yielded an intrinsic modulus that was close to the Einstein limiting value ([G] = [eta] = 2.5), while other fillers yielded intrinsic moduli that were either somewhat larger or somewhat smaller than this value. The intrinsic modulus for carbon black in rubber was much larger than was Einstein's predicted value. However, intrinsic modulus values for Nielsen's data for particulate composites were smaller than were Einstein's prediction at temperatures below the glass transition temperature of the matrix. The explanation for this phenomenon can easily be understood from a review of the properties of the intrinsic modulus. Likewise, the generalized viscosity/modulus equation was also successfully applied to available modulus literature for ceramics where voids were the particulate phase. When applied to Wang's data, the intrinsic modulus was found to be negative when describing the compaction of voids in the hot isostatic pressing of a ceramic. For this application, the modulus of a particulate composite as a function of the volume fraction of particles was modified to describe the modulus as a function of porosity. For the sets of data analyzed, values of the interaction coefficient and the packing fraction were not necessarily unique if the data sets were limited to the lower particulate volume fractions. For applications where a minimum amount of data was found to be available, a new approach was introduced to address a relative measure of the compatibility of the particle and the matrix using a new definition for Kraemer's constant. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1954-1963, 2000.

Publication Title

Journal of Applied Polymer Science

Volume

77

Issue

9

First Page

1954

Last Page

1963

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