Anti-Apoptotic Properties of Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 in Differentiated PC12 Cells
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-1-2002
Department
Biological Sciences
School
Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences
Abstract
Standard Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb 761) has been known to have neuroprotective effects ranging from molecular and cellular, to animal and human studies, however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Using PC 12 cells, a well-established model for studying neuroprotection, we have determined the mechanism of action of EGb 761 on cell survival following apoptosis induced by serum-deprivation or treatment with staurosporine (STS). Our results show that EGb 761 treatments of PC 12 cells are able to prevent serum deprivation- and STS-induced mitochondrial damage, attenuate release of cytochrome c and DNA fragmentation. EGb 761, but not vitamin E, inhibited STS-induced activation of the caspase-3 enzyme. Two of the EGb 761 components, bilobalide B and ginkgolide C show more significant inhibition than the EGb 761 extract. Furthermore, DNA microarray assay results indicate that transcription of multiple apoptosis-related genes is either up- or down-regulated in cells treated with EGb 761. These results suggest that inhibition of apoptotic machinery may, at least in part, mediate multiple neuroprotective effects of EGb 761, and that EGb 761 and vitamin E act on different molecular paths to provide neuroprotection.
Publication Title
Cellular and Molecular Biology
Volume
48
Issue
6
First Page
699
Last Page
707
Recommended Citation
Smith, J. V.,
Burdick, A.,
Golik, P.,
Khan, I. A.
(2002). Anti-Apoptotic Properties of Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 in Differentiated PC12 Cells. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 48(6), 699-707.
Available at: https://aquila.usm.edu/fac_pubs/8640