Perceptions and Practices of Incorporating Student-Centered Menu Items in School Meals

Authors

• Kristi L. Lewis PhD, RDN, The Institute of Child Nutrition Applied Research Division

Document Type

Technical Report

Publication Date

2026

Department

Nutrition and Food Systems

Abstract

Student-centered menu planning prioritizes learners’ preferences, nutritional needs, cultural relevance, and engagement in the development of school nutrition program offerings. Menus that reflect student preferences and incorporate student input are associated with increased meal participation and consumption. This study examined school nutrition professionals’ perceptions, best practices, and strategies for incorporating students’ voices into school-based menu planning and modification.

Using a participatory research approach, school nutrition professionals, administrators, United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service representatives, and State agency staff participated as expert panelists and survey respondents. A literature review and qualitative expert panel responses informed the development of a national online survey assessing student engagement practices in school menu planning. Following review and revision of the survey instrument, 522 school nutrition professionals participated in the study.

Findings identified multiple strategies and best practices used to incorporate student preferences into school nutrition programs, many of which aligned with successful approaches documented in existing research. Results suggest that meaningful student engagement supports responsive menu development and may strengthen school nutrition program participation and acceptability. Additional research examining student selection, consumption, and acceptance of menu changes informed by student input is recommended.

Recommended Citation

Institute of Child Nutrition. (2026). Perceptions and Practices of Incorporating Student-Centered Menu Items in School Meals. University, MS: Lewis, K. L.