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Author ORCID Identifier

Ebrahim Azarshab: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8549-0460

Mohammad Ghahramani https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4554-248X

Mahmoud Abolghasemi: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-7916

Esmaeil Azimi: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-504X

Abstract

The necessity to achieve the catalytic advantages of technology is continuously transforming the traditional roles of district superintendents to align with the digital learning environment. A meta-synthesis was undertaken to identify the roles of district superintendents in technology integration within public school districts and to compare them with traditional roles. This research followed the methodological approach outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The eligibility criteria comprised studies that explored the role of district superintendents in technology integration in public school districts. The data search was carried out in March 2023 across various databases including Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science, Eric, and Google Scholar search engine. By synthesizing 41 findings extracted from 10 included studies using thematic synthesis, a total of 11 components were identified. The findings revealed a predominant focus on the teacher-scholar role in technology integration studies, with minimal attention given to the role of the “applied social scientist”, likely influenced by socio-cultural factors such as group biases and personal/political interests. Despite this, all other roles have involved the superintendent in direct technology integration. Consequently, the role of the district superintendent in the digital learning environment has been geared towards active participation in education.

First Page

275

Last Page

295

Ethics Approval

Yes

Declaration Statement

(a) data availability statement

The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

(b) funding statement

The authors did (not) receive support from any organization for the submitted work.

(c) conflict of interest disclosure

The authors declare no conflict of interest

(d) ethics approval statement

All authors:

1) made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work.

2) drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content. 3) approved the version to be published.

4) agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

In addition, there was no participation of human subjects in the current review. However, the credibility and transparency of the research were guaranteed through the PRISMA protocol.

Contribution Statements for review articles

This article is extracted from Mr. Ebrahim Azarshab's doctoral dissertation entitled "Presentation of the Digital Learning Leadership Model of Schools.

Other authors participated as consultants and advisors in different parts of the dissertation.

No.

(b) name(s) of the author(s

who originated the idea

who performed the literature search

who performed

data analysis

who

revised the work

1

Ebrahim Azarshab

yes

yes

yes

yes

2

Mohammad Ghahramani

yes

yes

yes

yes

3

Mahmoud Abolghasemi

yes

yes

4

Esmaeil Azimi

yes

yes

(e) participant consent statement

There was no participation of human subjects in the current review

(f) permission to reproduce material from other sources (put N/A if this does not apply to your manuscript)

N/A

(g) clinical trial registration (put N/A if this does not apply to your manuscript)

N/A

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