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Author ORCID Identifier

Yujie Cao: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3031-3143

Azhan Abdul Aziz:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-7057

Wan Nur Rukiah Mohd Arshard: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-0152

Abstract

With rising popularity of vocational education in China, the study investigates how academic backgrounds influence vocational students’ perceptions and learning outcomes in a blended SketchUp course, guided by Blended Learning framework and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Quantitative data from 71 undergraduate and 71 junior college interior architecture students was analyzed using statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and t-tests. The analysis showed no significant differences between academic groups in academic achievements, but differences in several perceptions, suggesting equitable learning experiences in the blended course. Tutorial videos may have contributed to personalized pacing, reducing variations among learners. Applying TAM to analyze student acceptance and engagement further enriches understanding of how academic backgrounds impact the utilization of educational technologies. These findings emphasized the potential of well-designed blended learning models for inclusive education. Results verified and enriched blended learning theory regarding differentiated instructions and online personalization to foster equitable, quality education, addressing diverse learning needs.

First Page

176

Last Page

198

Ethics Approval

Yes

Declaration Statement

Statements and Declarations

Data Availability Statement: The datasets used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Funding: This research received no specific funding from any public, commercial, or nonprofit sector.

Conflict of Interest Disclosure: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethics Approval Statement: Ethical approval was obtained for this study in accordance with relevant guidelines.

Participant Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation in this study. Participants were informed that their participation was voluntary and that their responses would be kept confidential. All questionnaire data collection is anonymous.

Permission To Reproduce Material from Other Sources: N/A

Clinical Trial Registration: N/A

Authors' contributions: The authors' contributions to this study are as follows: Cao Yujie conceived and designed the study, conducted experiments, analysed the data, and wrote the manuscript. DR. Azhan Abdul Aziz and DR. Wan Nur Rukiah Mohd Arshard provided guidance, supervision, and critical review throughout the research process. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Acknowledgments: Not applicable.

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