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Author ORCID Identifier

Douglas Yeboah: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7824-4660

Abstract

Gender moderation in students’ adoption of WhatsApp for supporting distance learning has not been explored. This study applied the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model to analyze the moderation effects of gender on students’ adoption intentions of WhatsApp for learning. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to obtain 273 participants. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results showed that gender significantly moderated the effects of(a) performance expectancy on behavioral intention such that the effect was stronger for males than females, and (b) social influence on behavioral intention such that the effect was stronger for females than males. Effects of effort expectancy, mobile self-efficacy, and facilitating conditions on behavioral intention were not moderated by gender. Implications of the findings for practice were discussed and recommendations were made for further research.

First Page

154

Last Page

174

Ethics Approval

Not Applicable

Declaration Statement

Availability of data and materials

The datasets that support the findings of this study are not publicly available due to privacy concerns to the participants, but are available from the corresponding author, on reasonable request.

Funding statement

The authors did not receive funding from any source for this study.

Conflict of Interest disclosure

The authors declare that they have no known competing interests.

Ethics approval statement

The principal researcher obtained approval from the coordinators and administrators of the study centers where data were collected.

Participant consent statement

The participants gave their informed consent prior to their participation in the study.

Permission to reproduce material from other sources

N/A

Clinical trial registration

N/A

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