Author ORCID Identifier
Yaqi Yu: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2599-2487
Azizan Marzuki:https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-1035-4908
Abstract
Few academic studies have comprehensively examined the actual demands of students regarding the educational function of study tours. This paper develops a demand index system based on three dimensions: cognitive, affective, and behavioral demands. A questionnaire survey was administered to 397 students. Initially, student demands were categorized using the Kano model. Subsequently, the “dependence” and “expectancy” characteristics were analyzed through the dissatisfaction index (DI) and satisfaction index (SI). The impact of fulfilling each demand on dissatisfaction and satisfaction levels was then determined. The results indicated that among the three dimensions, there were 7 must-be demands, 6 one-dimensional demands, 8 attractive demands, and 7 indifferent demands. Overall, the demand characteristic was that expectancy exceeded dependence. Specifically, cognitive demand exhibited “low dependence and neutral expectation”, affective demand showed “high dependence and low expectation”, and behavioral demand reflected “neutral dependence and high expectation”.
First Page
92
Last Page
117
Ethics Approval
Yes
Declaration Statement
Data availability statement: The datasets generated in the study are included in the article/supplementary files. Further inquiries are available from the corresponding author.
Funding statement: The authors received no specific funding for this work.
Conflict of interest disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Participation consent statement: This study was conducted with the informed consent of all participants. Before participation, individuals were provided with a detailed explanation of the research objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Participants were given the opportunity to ask questions and voluntarily agreed to take part in the study. They were also informed that they could withdraw at any time without any consequences.
Permission to reproduce materials from other sources: Not applicable
clinical trial registration: Not applicable
Recommended Citation
Yu, Y., & Marzuki, A. (2025). The demand for educational functions of study tour products: From students’ perspectives. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE), 18(3), 92-117. https://doi.org/10.18785/jetde.1803.05
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License.
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