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Author ORCID Identifier

I Putu Indra Kusuma: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-6070

Luh Indrayani: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5852-6162

Abstract

Although e-portfolios are widely acknowledged for enhancing EFL students’ speaking skills, most studies assessed performances offline, leaving limited evidence of their impact across both modes. This study examined the effects of social media-based e-portfolios combined with classroom instruction on students’ speaking performance in online and offline contexts. A mixed-methods experimental design was employed, involving 46 Indonesian university students divided into an experimental and a control group. Data were collected through online and offline pre- and post-speaking tests, a speaking performance rubric, and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative analysis using One-Way MANOVA, Univariate ANOVA, paired sample t-test, and effect size revealed significant improvements for the experimental group, particularly for offline one, where effect sizes reached a very large magnitude. Thematic analysis of interviews confirmed improvement in speaking performance and self-regulated learning through practice and peer feedback, with motivational and emotional development. Implications are discussed at the theoretical and practical levels for English language teaching.

First Page

185

Last Page

205

Ethics Approval

Yes

Declaration Statement

Data Availability Statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the author upon reasonable request. Due to participant privacy and institutional regulations, the raw data are not publicly available.

Funding Statement: This research received no external funding.

Conflict of Interest Disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Participation Consent Statement: All participating students provided informed consent prior to the data collection. Participation was voluntary, and all personal information was kept confidential throughout the study.

Permission to Reproduce Materials from Other Sources: N/A

Clinical Trial Registration: N/A

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