Author ORCID Identifier
Pedro Arroyo-Pizarro: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7587-1308
Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a digital literacy scale grounded in the socioformative approach for university students. An instrumental, cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 174 students from Metropolitan Lima. Content validity was established through expert judgment, and construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis. The results supported a four-factor structure—Metacognitive-Adaptive ICT domain, Critical digital information management, Multimedia communicative production, and Digital socio-ethical practice—that explained 61% of the variance. Reliability indices were acceptable across dimensions (α=.716–.810; ω=.728–.817). The findings indicate that the scale (EADigit) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing digital literacy in higher education contexts. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution given the sociodemographic heterogeneity of the study sample with respect to gender and geographic location.
First Page
59
Last Page
85
Ethics Approval
Not Applicable
Declaration Statement
(a) data availability statement
The authors of this manuscript note that the data are available and the statistical procedures are on open access platforms for replication and verification.
(b) funding statement
The authors of this manuscript emphasize that the development of the manuscript was self-funded.
(c) conflict of interest disclosure
The authors of this manuscript note that there is no conflict of interest in any aspect concerning the research process at any stage.
(d) ethics approval statement
This study is conducted within the framework of academic activities of master's students in the Curriculum Planning and Design course taught by Dr. Edith María Llerena Espinoza in the Master's in Education with a specialization in University Teaching at the Walter Peñaloza Ramella Graduate School of the National University of Education in Lima, Peru.
(e) participant consent statement
The authors of this manuscript indicate that a procedure was established to ensure ethical compliance with the principles of research involving human subjects, with full respect for autonomy, confidentiality, non-maleficence, beneficence, justice, and integrity at all stages of the manuscript's development.
(f) permission to reproduce material from other sources (put N/A if this does not apply to your manuscript)
The authors of this manuscript agree to the reproduction of any material concerning the research, the database, and the codes used for statistical analysis.
(g) clinical trial registration (put N/A if this does not apply to your manuscript)
The clinical registry is not applicable to this study.
Recommended Citation
Arroyo-Pizarro, P. L., Martinez Laya, R. E., Herrera Bustillos, E. D., Quiñones Aldazabal, E. C., Mamani Tipula, E. E., Arestigue Navarro, A. G., & Palomino Huananchin, C. D. (2026). Development of the digital literacy scale based on a socioformative approach in university students. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE), 19(2), 59-85. https://doi.org/10.18785/jetde.1902.04
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