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Author ORCID Identifier

Eva García-Beltrán: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-1334

Abstract

This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, examines the ethical dilemmas associated with the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) in education and analyses their implications for the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), with a focus on inclusive and equitable quality education. The review draws on 24 peer-reviewed studies published between December 2022 and December 2024, covering diverse educational levels and geographical contexts, with a predominance of Global North perspectives and limited representation from the Global South. The analysis reveals four primary themes: academic integrity, algorithmic equity, data privacy, and the potential contribution of GAI to inclusive and quality education. These themes manifest differently across educational levels and contexts, with academic integrity concerns being more prominent in higher education, while issues of access, equity, and infrastructural dependency are more salient in low-resource and underrepresented settings. The findings reveal that current discussions on GAI in education are largely characterized by retrospective and crisis-driven ethical framings, predominantly focused on risks such as plagiarism, bias, and misinformation, while offering limited engagement with proactive, context-sensitive strategies aligned with SDG 4.

First Page

1

Last Page

19

Ethics Approval

Not Applicable

Declaration Statement

Data Availability Statement
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary materials. Further information is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Funding Statement
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Conflict of Interest Disclosure
The authors declare no conflict of interest related to the content of this manuscript.

Participation Consent Statement
Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants or personal data collection.

Permission to Reproduce Materials from Other Sources
N/A. This manuscript does not include materials reproduced from other copyrighted sources.

Clinical Trial Registration
N/A. This study does not report the results of a clinical trial.

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